Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 7

The knobbed stick and the imitation assagai are thrown in different ways, the object of the first being to inflict a heavy blow upon the mark aimed at, while that of the last is to pierce it.

Who acts: last · What happens: throw, inflict, aim, be · To what, where: knobbed stick, different ways, heavy blow, mark

This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (last), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 stick	det
2	knobbed	knobbed	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 stick	amod
3	stick	stick	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 thrown	nsubj:pass
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 assagai	cc
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 assagai	det
6	imitation	imitation	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 assagai	compound
7	assagai	assagai	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 stick	conj
8	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 thrown	aux:pass
9	thrown	throw	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 ways	case
11	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 ways	amod
12	ways	way	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 thrown	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 object	punct
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 object	det
15	object	object	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 ways	appos
16	of	of	ADP	_	32 that	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	32 that	det
18	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	32 that	amod
19	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	32 that	cop
20	to	to	PART	_	21 inflict	mark
21	inflict	inflict	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	32 that	advcl
22	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	24 blow	det
23	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 blow	amod
24	blow	blow	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 inflict	obj
25	upon	upon	ADP	_	27 mark	case
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 mark	det
27	mark	mark	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 blow	nmod
28	aimed	aim	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	27 mark	acl
29	at	at	ADP	_	28 aimed	obl
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 that	punct
31	while	while	SCONJ	_	32 that	mark
32	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	15 object	nmod
33	of	of	SCONJ	_	38 pierce	mark
34	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	35 last	det
35	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	38 pierce	nsubj
36	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	38 pierce	cop
37	to	to	PART	_	38 pierce	mark
38	pierce	pierce	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	32 that	advcl
39	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	38 pierce	obj
40	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 thrown	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	throw	present · passive		the knobbed stick and the imitation assagai	different ways		vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: subject=Theme in way=Destination
2	inflict	to-infinitive		a heavy blow		upon the mark	tree rules
3	aim	participle		the mark not said here			vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot
4	is	gerund				of that	tree rules
5	is	present	the last			blow obj; pierce property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/32/7/

🌲 Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 7

The tree

Pragmatics

Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 7