Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 8
This exercise strengthens the muscles of the arms, and gives expansion to the chest.
Who acts: exercise · What happens: strengthen, give · To what, where: muscles, expansion, chest
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (exercise), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 exercise | det |
| 2 | exercise | exercise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 strengthens | nsubj |
| 3 | strengthens | strengthen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 muscles | det |
| 5 | muscles | muscle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 strengthens | obj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 arms | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 arms | det |
| 8 | arms | arm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 muscles | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 gives | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 gives | cc |
| 11 | gives | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 strengthens | conj |
| 12 | expansion | expansion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 gives | obj |
| 13 | to | to | ADP | _ | 15 chest | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 chest | det |
| 15 | chest | chest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 gives | obl |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 strengthens | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | strengthen | present | this exercise | the muscles of the arms | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent muscle=Patient | ||||
| 2 | give | present | this exercise not said here | expansion | the chest | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent expansion=Theme to chest=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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