Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Hlakanyana., sentence 1
I have greatly reduced this story in bulk by leaving out endless repetitions of exactly the same trick, but performed upon different individuals or animals.
Who acts: I, same trick · What happens: reduce, leave out, perform, repeat · To what, where: story, bulk, endless repetitions
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Hlakanyana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, same trick), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 reduced | nsubj |
| 2 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 reduced | aux |
| 3 | greatly | greatly | ADV | _ | 4 reduced | advmod |
| 4 | reduced | reduce | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 5 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 6 story | det |
| 6 | story | story | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 reduced | obj |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 bulk | case |
| 8 | bulk | bulk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 reduced | obl |
| 9 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 10 leaving | mark |
| 10 | leaving | leave | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 reduced | advcl |
| 11 | out | out | ADP | _ | 10 leaving | compound:prt |
| 12 | endless | endless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 repetitions | amod |
| 13 | repetitions | repetition | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 leaving | obj |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 trick | case |
| 15 | exactly | exactly | ADV | _ | 18 trick | advmod |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 trick | det |
| 17 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 trick | amod |
| 18 | trick | trick | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 repetitions | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 performed | punct |
| 20 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 21 performed | cc |
| 21 | performed | perform | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 reduced | conj |
| 22 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 24 individuals | case |
| 23 | different | different | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 individuals | amod |
| 24 | individuals | individual | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 performed | obl |
| 25 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 26 animals | cc |
| 26 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 individuals | conj |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 reduced | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reduce | present · perfect | I | this story | bulk | greatly property | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer story=Patient | ||
| 2 | leave out | gerund | I not said here | endless repetitions of the same trick | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent repetition=Theme | ||||
| 3 | perform | participle | I not said here | upon different individuals or animals | vn performance-26.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | repeat | the same trick | nom repetition «event intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/33/1/