Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Demane and Demazana., sentence 16

Males, when addressing any of these relations older than themselves, use the word mkuluwa; and when addressing one younger than themselves say mninawe.

Who acts: Males · What happens: address, use, say · To what, where: any, word mkuluwa, mninawe · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Demane and Demazana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Males), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Males	male	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 use	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 addressing	punct
3	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	4 addressing	advmod
4	addressing	address	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 Males	acl
5	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	4 addressing	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 relations	case
7	these	this	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	8 relations	det
8	relations	relation	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 any	nmod
9	older	old	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	8 relations	amod
10	than	than	ADP	_	11 themselves	case
11	themselves	themselves	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	9 older	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 use	punct
13	use	use	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 mkuluwa	det
15	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 mkuluwa	compound
16	mkuluwa	mkuluwa	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 use	obj
17	;	;	PUNCT	_	20 addressing	punct
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 addressing	cc
19	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	20 addressing	advmod
20	addressing	address	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	13 use	advcl
21	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	22 younger	nummod
22	younger	young	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	20 addressing	xcomp
23	than	than	SCONJ	_	25 say	mark
24	themselves	themselves	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	25 say	nsubj
25	say	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 younger	advcl
26	mninawe	mninawe	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 say	obj
27	.	.	PUNCT	_	13 use	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	address	gerund		any of this relations		vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent any=Destination
2	use	infinitive	Males	the word mkuluwa		vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mkuluwa=Patient
3	address	gerund	Males not said here		young property	vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	say speech: assert	present	Males = male	mninawe		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent mninawe=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

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🌲 Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Demane and Demazana., sentence 16

The tree

Pragmatics

Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Demane and Demazana., sentence 16