Kaffir folk-lore, Story of Lion and Little Jackal., sentence 6
[1] Words without meaning, but used to express contempt, being merely a repetition of the sound ngci.
Who acts: Words · What happens: mean, use, express, be · To what, where: Words, contempt, repetition
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of Lion and Little Jackal.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Words), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 2 1 | punct |
| 2 | 1 | 1 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 4 Words | discourse |
| 3 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 2 1 | punct |
| 4 | Words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 used | obl |
| 5 | without | without | SCONJ | _ | 6 meaning | mark |
| 6 | meaning | mean | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 Words | acl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 used | punct |
| 8 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 9 used | cc |
| 9 | used | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 express | mark |
| 11 | express | express | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 used | xcomp |
| 12 | contempt | contempt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 express | obj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 repetition | punct |
| 14 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 17 repetition | cop |
| 15 | merely | merely | ADV | _ | 17 repetition | advmod |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 repetition | det |
| 17 | repetition | repetition | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 express | obl |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 ngci | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 ngci | det |
| 20 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 ngci | compound |
| 21 | ngci | ngci | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 repetition | nmod |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 used | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | gerund | Words not said here | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | use | past | Words | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | express | to-infinitive | contempt | vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent contempt=Theme | |||||
| 4 | is a | gerund | a repetition | of the sound ngci; merely property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/39/6/