Kaffir folk-lore, Story of Lion and Little Jackal., sentence 7
[2] A Kaffir who went with the mission party from Lovedale to Lake Nyassa, and remained there several years, informs me that he found the Imfumba the commonest game of the children in that part of Africa.
Who acts: Lake · What happens: go, remain, inform, find · To what, where: Kaffir, Lake, me, Imfumba, part
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of Lion and Little Jackal.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lake), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 2 2 | punct |
| 2 | 2 | 2 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 Kaffir | discourse |
| 3 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 2 2 | punct |
| 4 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 Kaffir | det |
| 5 | Kaffir | Kaffir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 went | obl |
| 6 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 went | nsubj |
| 7 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | with | with | ADP | _ | 11 party | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 party | det |
| 10 | mission | mission | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 party | compound |
| 11 | party | party | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 went | obl |
| 12 | from | from | ADP | _ | 13 Lovedale | case |
| 13 | Lovedale | Lovedale | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 party | nmod |
| 14 | to | to | ADP | _ | 15 Lake | case |
| 15 | Lake | Lake | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 went | obl |
| 16 | Nyassa | Nyassa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 Lake | flat |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 remained | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 remained | cc |
| 19 | remained | remain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 went | conj |
| 20 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 19 remained | advmod |
| 21 | several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 years | amod |
| 22 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 remained | obl:unmarked |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 informs | punct |
| 24 | informs | inform | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 went | conj |
| 25 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 24 informs | obj |
| 26 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 28 found | mark |
| 27 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 found | nsubj |
| 28 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 informs | advcl |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 Imfumba | det |
| 30 | Imfumba | Imfumba | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 found | obj |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 game | det |
| 32 | commonest | common | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 33 game | amod |
| 33 | game | game | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 found | obj |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 children | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 children | det |
| 36 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 game | nmod |
| 37 | in | in | ADP | _ | 39 part | case |
| 38 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 39 part | det |
| 39 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 found | obl |
| 40 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 Africa | case |
| 41 | Africa | Africa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 part | nmod |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | past | a Kaffir | Lake | with the mission party from Lovedale; who nsubj | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to lake=Initial_Location | |||
| 2 | remain | past | there | year | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | inform speech: other | present | me | vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent i=Recipient | |||||
| 4 | find | past | Lake | the Imfumba | that part of Africa | the commonest game of the children obj | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent imfumba=Theme game=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/39/7/