Kaffir folk-lore, Story of Lion and Little Jackal., sentence 8

When he had learned the language of the people there, he was surprised to hear many of the common Kaffir folklore stories told nearly as he had heard them related by Gaika women when he was a boy.

Who acts: Lake · What happens: learn, be, hear, tell · To what, where: language, many, common Kaffir folklore stories, people, boy · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of Lion and Little Jackal.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lake), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	When	when	ADV	PronType=Int	4 learned	advmod
2	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 learned	nsubj
3	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 learned	aux
4	learned	learn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 language	det
6	language	language	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 learned	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 people	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 people	det
9	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 language	nmod
10	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	4 learned	advmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 surprised	punct
12	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 surprised	nsubj
13	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 surprised	cop
14	surprised	surprised	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 learned	conj
15	to	to	PART	_	16 hear	mark
16	hear	hear	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 surprised	advcl
17	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 hear	obj
18	of	of	ADP	_	23 stories	case
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 stories	det
20	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 stories	amod
21	Kaffir	Kaffir	PROPN	Number=Sing	23 stories	compound
22	folklore	folklore	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 stories	compound
23	stories	story	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 many	nmod
24	told	tell	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	23 stories	acl
25	nearly	nearly	ADV	_	24 told	advmod
26	as	as	SCONJ	_	29 heard	mark
27	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	29 heard	nsubj
28	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	29 heard	aux
29	heard	hear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	24 told	ccomp
30	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	29 heard	obj
31	related	related	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 heard	xcomp
32	by	by	ADP	_	34 women	case
33	Gaika	Gaika	PROPN	Number=Sing	34 women	compound
34	women	woman	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 heard	obl
35	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	39 boy	advmod
36	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	39 boy	nsubj
37	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	39 boy	cop
38	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	39 boy	det
39	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 heard	obl
40	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 learned	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	learn	past · perfect	Lake	the language of the people	there		vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent language=Topic
2	is	past	Lake			surprised property	tree rules
3	hear	to-infinitive	Lake not said here	many of the common Kaffir folklore stories			vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer many=Stimulus
4	tell speech: assert	participle		the common Kaffir folklore stories not said here		nearly property	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
5	hear	past · perfect	Lake	people		by Gaika women; related property	vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus
6	is a	past	Lake	a boy			tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/39/8/

🌲 Kaffir folk-lore, Story of Lion and Little Jackal., sentence 8

The tree

Pragmatics

Kaffir folk-lore, Story of Lion and Little Jackal., sentence 8