Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Five Heads., sentence 35
The boy said: “You will not return if you do this.”
Who acts: boy, You · What happens: say, not return, do · To what, where: this · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Five Heads.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy, You), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 boy | det |
| 2 | boy | boy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 said | nsubj |
| 3 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 9 return | punct |
| 5 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 return | punct |
| 6 | You | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 9 return | nsubj |
| 7 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 9 return | aux |
| 8 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 9 return | advmod |
| 9 | return | return | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 said | ccomp |
| 10 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 12 do | mark |
| 11 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 12 do | nsubj |
| 12 | do | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 return | advcl |
| 13 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 12 do | obj |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 return | punct |
| 15 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 return | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | the boy | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | not return in a quote | future | You | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | do a condition, not said to happen, in a quote | present | you | this | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent this=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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