Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Girl Who Disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane., sentence 16
The girl, thus left alone, went to a forest close by, and climbed up a tree to hide herself.
Who acts: girl · What happens: leave, go, climb up, hide · To what, where: girl, forest, tree
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Girl Who Disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (girl), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 girl | det |
| 2 | girl | girl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 went | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 left | punct |
| 4 | thus | thus | ADV | _ | 5 left | advmod |
| 5 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 girl | acl |
| 6 | alone | alone | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 left | xcomp |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 girl | punct |
| 8 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 forest | case |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 forest | det |
| 11 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 went | obl |
| 12 | close | close | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 forest | amod |
| 13 | by | by | ADP | _ | 12 close | fixed |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 climbed | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 climbed | cc |
| 16 | climbed | climb | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 went | parataxis |
| 17 | up | up | ADP | _ | 16 climbed | compound:prt |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 tree | det |
| 19 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 climbed | obj |
| 20 | to | to | PART | _ | 21 hide | mark |
| 21 | hide | hide | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 climbed | advcl |
| 22 | herself | herself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 21 hide | obj |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | leave | participle | the girl not said here | alone, thus property | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | go | past | the girl | a forest | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to forest=Initial_Location | ||||
| 3 | climb up | past | a tree | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location tree=Theme | |||||
| 4 | hide | to-infinitive | girl | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent herself=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/7/16/