Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Girl Who Disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane., sentence 21
These two were told to hide themselves and listen while the other cut the sticks.
Who acts: two, other · What happens: tell, hide, listen, cut · To what, where: two, father, sticks · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Girl Who Disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (two, other), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | These | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 2 two | det |
| 2 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 told | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 told | aux:pass |
| 4 | told | tell | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 hide | mark |
| 6 | hide | hide | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 told | xcomp |
| 7 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 6 hide | obj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 listen | cc |
| 9 | listen | listen | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 hide | conj |
| 10 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 13 cut | mark |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 other | det |
| 12 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 cut | nsubj |
| 13 | cut | cut | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 listen | advcl |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 sticks | det |
| 15 | sticks | stick | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 cut | obj |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 told | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tell speech: assert | past · passive | this two | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | hide not said to happen | to-infinitive | this two not said here | father | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Patient | ||||
| 3 | listen | infinitive | this two not said here | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | cut | past | the other | the sticks | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset stick=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/7/21/