Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Girl Who Disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane., sentence 22
They did so, and heard the voice crying as before.
Who acts: others, voice · What happens: do, hear, cry · To what, where: voice
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Girl Who Disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (others, voice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 did | nsubj |
| 2 | did | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | so | so | ADV | _ | 2 did | advmod |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 heard | punct |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 heard | cc |
| 6 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 did | conj |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 voice | det |
| 8 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 heard | obj |
| 9 | crying | cry | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 8 voice | acl |
| 10 | as | as | ADV | _ | 11 before | advmod |
| 11 | before | before | ADV | _ | 9 crying | advmod |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 did | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | do | past | others = other | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | hear | past | others = other not said here | the voice | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer voice=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | cry speech: express | gerund | the voice not said here | before property | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/7/22/