Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Girl Who Disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane., sentence 24
The chief was very much surprised to see his daughter in that state, and was so angry with her companions for taking her to the river, and then for substituting another girl so as to deceive him, that he caused them all to be killed.
Who acts: chief · What happens: be, see, take, substitute, deceive, cause · To what, where: daughter, state, river, girl, chief, others
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Girl Who Disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 chief | det |
| 2 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 surprised | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 surprised | cop |
| 4 | very | very | ADV | _ | 5 much | advmod |
| 5 | much | much | ADV | _ | 6 surprised | advmod |
| 6 | surprised | surprised | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 see | mark |
| 8 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 surprised | advcl |
| 9 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 daughter | nmod:poss |
| 10 | daughter | daughter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 see | obj |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 state | case |
| 12 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 13 state | det |
| 13 | state | state | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 see | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 angry | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 angry | cc |
| 16 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 angry | cop |
| 17 | so | so | ADV | _ | 18 angry | advmod |
| 18 | angry | angry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 surprised | conj |
| 19 | with | with | ADP | _ | 21 companions | case |
| 20 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 companions | nmod:poss |
| 21 | companions | companion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 angry | obl |
| 22 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 23 taking | mark |
| 23 | taking | take | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 18 angry | advcl |
| 24 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 taking | obj |
| 25 | to | to | ADP | _ | 27 river | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 river | det |
| 27 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 taking | obl |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 substituting | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 substituting | cc |
| 30 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 32 substituting | advmod |
| 31 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 32 substituting | mark |
| 32 | substituting | substitute | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 surprised | advcl |
| 33 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 34 girl | det |
| 34 | girl | girl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 substituting | obj |
| 35 | so | so | ADV | _ | 38 deceive | advmod |
| 36 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 38 deceive | mark |
| 37 | to | to | PART | _ | 38 deceive | mark |
| 38 | deceive | deceive | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 substituting | advcl |
| 39 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 deceive | obj |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 caused | punct |
| 41 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 43 caused | mark |
| 42 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 43 caused | nsubj |
| 43 | caused | cause | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 surprised | parataxis |
| 44 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 43 caused | obj |
| 45 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 44 them | nmod:unmarked |
| 46 | to | to | PART | _ | 48 killed | mark |
| 47 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 48 killed | aux:pass |
| 48 | killed | kill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 43 caused | advcl |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 surprised | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | the chief | surprised property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | see | to-infinitive | the chief not said here | chief's daughter | that state | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer daughter=Stimulus | |||
| 3 | is | past | the chief not said here | with daughter's companions; angry property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | take | gerund | the chief not said here | daughter | the river | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent she=Theme to river=Destination | |||
| 5 | substitute | gerund | the chief not said here | another girl | then | vn substitute-13.6.2 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Theme girl=Location | |||
| 6 | deceive | to-infinitive | the chief not said here | chief | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient | ||||
| 7 | cause | past | chief | others = other | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition they=Patient | ||||
| 8 | kill | to-infinitive · passive | chief not said here | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/7/24/