Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Girl Who Disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane., sentence 4
When they came out of the water, they saw a snake with black blotches, called the Isinyobolokondwana, near their clothes.
Who acts: companions · What happens: come out, see, call · To what, where: water, snake, black blotches, clothes · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Girl Who Disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (companions), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 3 came | advmod |
| 2 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 came | nsubj |
| 3 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 saw | advcl |
| 4 | out | out | ADP | _ | 7 water | case |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 water | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 water | det |
| 7 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 came | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 came | punct |
| 9 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 saw | nsubj |
| 10 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 snake | det |
| 12 | snake | snake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 saw | obj |
| 13 | with | with | ADP | _ | 15 blotches | case |
| 14 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 blotches | amod |
| 15 | blotches | blotch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 snake | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 called | punct |
| 17 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 blotches | acl |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 Isinyobolokondwana | det |
| 19 | Isinyobolokondwana | Isinyobolokondwana | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 called | xcomp |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 clothes | punct |
| 21 | near | near | ADP | _ | 23 clothes | case |
| 22 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 clothes | nmod:poss |
| 23 | clothes | clothes | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 17 called | obl |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come out | past | companions = companion | the water | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient water=Result | ||||
| 2 | see | past | companions = companion | a snake | with black blotches | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer snake=Stimulus | |||
| 3 | call | participle | black blotches not said here | companions's clothes | the Isinyobolokondwana xcomp | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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