Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Simbukumbukwana., sentence 10
He beat his wife, and commanded her to take the child away and leave it to perish.
Who acts: man, calf · What happens: beat, command, take away, leave, perish · To what, where: wife, child, calf · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Simbukumbukwana.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, calf), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 beat | nsubj |
| 2 | beat | beat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 wife | nmod:poss |
| 4 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 beat | obj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 commanded | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 commanded | cc |
| 7 | commanded | command | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 beat | conj |
| 8 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 commanded | obj |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 take | mark |
| 10 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 commanded | xcomp |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 child | det |
| 12 | child | child | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 take | obj |
| 13 | away | away | ADV | _ | 10 take | advmod |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 leave | cc |
| 15 | leave | leave | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 take | conj |
| 16 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 leave | obj |
| 17 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 perish | mark |
| 18 | perish | perish | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 leave | xcomp |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 beat | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | beat | past | man | man's wife | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location wife=Theme | ||||
| 2 | command | past | man not said here | wife | vn order-58.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent she=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 3 | take away not said to happen | to-infinitive | man not said here | the child | away property | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent child=Theme | |||
| 4 | leave | infinitive | man not said here | calf | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | perish | to-infinitive | calf not said here | vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/8/10/