Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 11
The chief said: “You have acted wisely in coming to tell me; you shall have seven of the fattest of my cows.
Who acts: chief, You · What happens: say, act, come, tell, have · To what, where: chief, seven · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chief, You), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 chief | det |
| 2 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 said | nsubj |
| 3 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 8 acted | punct |
| 5 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 acted | punct |
| 6 | You | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 8 acted | nsubj |
| 7 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 acted | aux |
| 8 | acted | act | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 said | ccomp |
| 9 | wisely | wisely | ADV | _ | 8 acted | advmod |
| 10 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 11 coming | mark |
| 11 | coming | come | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 acted | advcl |
| 12 | to | to | PART | _ | 13 tell | mark |
| 13 | tell | tell | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 coming | xcomp |
| 14 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 13 tell | iobj |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 have | punct |
| 16 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 18 have | nsubj |
| 17 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 18 have | aux |
| 18 | have | have | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 said | conj |
| 19 | seven | seven | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 18 have | obj |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 fattest | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 fattest | det |
| 22 | fattest | fat | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 19 seven | nmod |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 cows | case |
| 24 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 cows | nmod:poss |
| 25 | cows | cow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 fattest | obl |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | the chief | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | act in a quote | present · perfect | You | wisely property | vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | come in a quote | gerund | You not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | tell speech: assert in a quote | to-infinitive | You not said here | the chief = chief | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent i=Recipient | ||||
| 5 | have in a quote | shall | you | seven of the fattest of my cows | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seven=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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