Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 12
I have lost seven sons in battle, and these beautiful birds shall be in the place of my seven sons.
Who acts: I, beautiful birds · What happens: lose, be · To what, where: seven sons, battle, place
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, beautiful birds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 lost | nsubj |
| 2 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 lost | aux |
| 3 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | seven | seven | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 5 sons | nummod |
| 5 | sons | son | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 lost | obj |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 battle | case |
| 7 | battle | battle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 sons | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 place | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 place | cc |
| 10 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 12 birds | det |
| 11 | beautiful | beautiful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 birds | amod |
| 12 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 place | nsubj |
| 13 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 17 place | aux |
| 14 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 17 place | cop |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 place | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 place | det |
| 17 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 lost | obl |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 sons | case |
| 19 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 sons | nmod:poss |
| 20 | seven | seven | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 21 sons | nummod |
| 21 | sons | son | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 place | nmod |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 lost | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lose | present · perfect | I | seven sons | battle | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent son=Eventuality | |||
| 2 | is | shall | this beautiful birds | the place | of my seven sons | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/9/12/