Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 60
They were close to him, when he took some of the fat and threw it on a stone.
Who acts: birds, Sikulume · What happens: be, take, throw · To what, where: Sikulume, some, fat, stone
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (birds, Sikulume), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 close | nsubj |
| 2 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 close | cop |
| 3 | close | close | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 5 him | case |
| 5 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 close | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 took | punct |
| 7 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 9 took | advmod |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 took | nsubj |
| 9 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 close | parataxis |
| 10 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 9 took | obj |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 fat | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 fat | det |
| 13 | fat | fat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 some | nmod |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 threw | cc |
| 15 | threw | throw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 took | conj |
| 16 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 threw | obj |
| 17 | on | on | ADP | _ | 19 stone | case |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 stone | det |
| 19 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 threw | obl |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 close | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | birds = bird | Sikulume | close property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | take | past | Sikulume | some of the fat | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent some=Theme | ||||
| 3 | throw | past | Sikulume not said here | fat | a stone | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent it=Theme on stone=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/9/60/