Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 61
The cannibals came to the stone, and began to fight with each other.
Who acts: cannibals · What happens: come, begin, fight · To what, where: stone
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cannibals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 cannibals | det |
| 2 | cannibals | cannibal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 came | nsubj |
| 3 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 stone | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 stone | det |
| 6 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 came | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 began | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 began | cc |
| 9 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 came | conj |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 fight | mark |
| 11 | fight | fight | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 began | xcomp |
| 12 | with | with | ADP | _ | 13 each | case |
| 13 | each | each | DET | ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp | 11 fight | obl |
| 14 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 each | fixed |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | the cannibals | the stone | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to stone=Initial_Location | ||||
| 2 | begin | past | the cannibals not said here | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | fight | to-infinitive | the cannibals not said here | with each | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with each=Co-Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/9/61/