Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 84
When they reached their own home they saw no people, till at length an old woman crept out of a heap of ashes.
Who acts: boys, old woman · What happens: reach, see, creep out · To what, where: own home, people, heap, length
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boys, old woman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | SCONJ | _ | 3 reached | mark |
| 2 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 reached | nsubj |
| 3 | reached | reach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 saw | advcl |
| 4 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 home | nmod:poss |
| 5 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 home | amod |
| 6 | home | home | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 reached | obj |
| 7 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 saw | nsubj |
| 8 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 10 people | det |
| 10 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 saw | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 crept | punct |
| 12 | till | till | SCONJ | _ | 18 crept | mark |
| 13 | at | at | ADP | _ | 14 length | case |
| 14 | length | length | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 crept | obl |
| 15 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 woman | det |
| 16 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 woman | amod |
| 17 | woman | woman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 crept | nsubj |
| 18 | crept | creep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 saw | conj |
| 19 | out | out | ADP | _ | 22 heap | case |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 heap | case |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 heap | det |
| 22 | heap | heap | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 crept | obl |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 ashes | case |
| 24 | ashes | ash | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 heap | nmod |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reach | past | boys = boy | boys's own home | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent home=Theme | ||||
| 2 | see | past | boys = boy | no people | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer people=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | creep out | past | a old woman | a heap of ashes | length | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/9/84/