The Green Fairy Book, The Biter Bit, part 1, sentence 98
The shepherd asked him why he had been left there tied up in a sack.
Who acts: shepherd · What happens: ask, leave, tie up · To what, where: Simon, shepherd, sack
This is a sentence of «The Green Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Biter Bit, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shepherd), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 shepherd | det |
| 2 | shepherd | shepherd | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 asked | nsubj |
| 3 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 asked | iobj |
| 5 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 9 left | advmod |
| 6 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 left | nsubj |
| 7 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 left | aux |
| 8 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 9 left | aux:pass |
| 9 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 asked | advcl |
| 10 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 9 left | advmod |
| 11 | tied | tie | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 left | xcomp |
| 12 | up | up | ADP | _ | 11 tied | compound:prt |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 sack | case |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 sack | det |
| 15 | sack | sack | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 tied | obl |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 asked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ask speech: ask | past | the shepherd | Simon | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | leave | past · perfect · passive | shepherd | there | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | tie up | participle | shepherd not said here | a sack | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Green Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 7277 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg7277/26/98/