Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Opening, sentence 9
Schoolcraft’s Journal states his belief that Menabozho and Hiawatha were one and the same person, the latter name being preferred as more musical.
Who acts: Journal, Menabozho, Schoolcraft · What happens: state, be, prefer, believe · To what, where: belief, one, latter name
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Journal, Menabozho, Schoolcraft), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Schoolcraft | Schoolcraft | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Journal | nmod:poss |
| 2 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 1 Schoolcraft | case |
| 3 | Journal | Journal | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 states | nsubj |
| 4 | states | state | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 belief | nmod:poss |
| 6 | belief | belief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 states | obj |
| 7 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 12 one | mark |
| 8 | Menabozho | Menabozho | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 one | nsubj |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 Hiawatha | cc |
| 10 | Hiawatha | Hiawatha | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 Menabozho | conj |
| 11 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 one | cop |
| 12 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 6 belief | nmod |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 person | cc |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 person | det |
| 15 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 person | amod |
| 16 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 one | conj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 name | punct |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 name | det |
| 19 | latter | latter | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 name | amod |
| 20 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 person | appos |
| 21 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 22 preferred | aux:pass |
| 22 | preferred | prefer | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 name | acl |
| 23 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 25 musical | mark |
| 24 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 25 musical | amod |
| 25 | musical | musical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 preferred | xcomp |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 states | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | state speech: other | present | Schoolcraft's Journal | Schoolcraft's belief | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent belief=Topic | ||||
| 2 | is a | past | Menabozho and Hiawatha | one and the same person | the same person conj | tree rules | |||
| 3 | prefer | gerund · passive | the latter name not said here | musical property | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ» | ||||
| 4 | believe | Schoolcraft | nom belief «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/1/9/