Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Indian Traits, sentence 1
Almost unconsciously, even as our own eyes and other senses are trained to help us in city or country life, the Indians are adding to their education in the things which will make life and labor easier to them.
Who acts: own eyes, Indians, things · What happens: train, help, add, make, educate · To what, where: own eyes, us, city, things, life
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Indian Traits. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (own eyes, Indians, things), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Almost | almost | ADV | _ | 2 unconsciously | advmod |
| 2 | unconsciously | unconsciously | ADV | _ | 13 trained | advmod |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 unconsciously | punct |
| 4 | even | even | ADV | _ | 8 eyes | advmod |
| 5 | as | as | ADP | _ | 8 eyes | case |
| 6 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 eyes | nmod:poss |
| 7 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 eyes | amod |
| 8 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 trained | nsubj:pass |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 senses | cc |
| 10 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 senses | amod |
| 11 | senses | sens | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 eyes | conj |
| 12 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 trained | aux:pass |
| 13 | trained | train | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 help | mark |
| 15 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 trained | xcomp |
| 16 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 15 help | obj |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 city | case |
| 18 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 help | obl |
| 19 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 20 country | cc |
| 20 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 city | conj |
| 21 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 city | conj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 adding | punct |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 Indians | det |
| 24 | Indians | Indian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 26 adding | nsubj |
| 25 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 adding | aux |
| 26 | adding | add | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 15 help | advcl |
| 27 | to | to | ADP | _ | 29 education | case |
| 28 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 education | nmod:poss |
| 29 | education | education | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 adding | obl |
| 30 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 things | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 things | det |
| 32 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 adding | obl |
| 33 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 35 make | nsubj |
| 34 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 35 make | aux |
| 35 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 things | acl:relcl |
| 36 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 make | obj |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 labor | cc |
| 38 | labor | labor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 life | conj |
| 39 | easier | easy | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 35 make | xcomp |
| 40 | to | to | ADP | _ | 41 them | case |
| 41 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 easier | obl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 trained | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | train | present · passive | our own eyes and other senses | unconsciously property | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP to be NP»: subject=Theme clause=Attribute | ||||
| 2 | help | to-infinitive | our own eyes and other senses not said here | us | city or country and life | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Beneficiary | |||
| 3 | add speech: assert | present · progressive | the Indians | the things | to Indians's education | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent to education=Co-Patient | |||
| 4 | make | future | the things | life and labor | easy property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset life=Product | |||
| 5 | educate | Indians = indian | nom education «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/10/1/