Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Indian Traits, sentence 27

Perhaps they are wise enough now to read the signs made by the iron trails across the Dakota prairies, and their children know that what Ietan said was true.

Who acts: words, children, Ietan · What happens: be, read, make, know, say · To what, where: signs · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Indian Traits. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (words, children, Ietan), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Perhaps	perhaps	ADV	_	4 wise	advmod
2	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 wise	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 wise	cop
4	wise	wise	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	enough	enough	ADV	_	4 wise	advmod
6	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	4 wise	advmod
7	to	to	PART	_	8 read	mark
8	read	read	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 wise	csubj
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 signs	det
10	signs	sign	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 read	obj
11	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 signs	acl
12	by	by	ADP	_	15 trails	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 trails	det
14	iron	iron	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 trails	compound
15	trails	trail	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 made	obl
16	across	across	ADP	_	19 prairies	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 prairies	det
18	Dakota	Dakota	PROPN	Number=Sing	19 prairies	compound
19	prairies	prairie	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 trails	nmod
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 know	punct
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 know	cc
22	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	23 children	nmod:poss
23	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 know	nsubj
24	know	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 wise	parataxis
25	that	that	SCONJ	_	30 true	mark
26	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	30 true	nsubj
27	Ietan	Ietan	PROPN	Number=Sing	28 said	nsubj
28	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	26 what	acl:relcl
29	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	30 true	cop
30	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 know	ccomp
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 wise	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	words = word		now	enough, perhaps, wise property	tree rules
2	read	to-infinitive		the signs			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sign=Topic
3	make	participle		the signs not said here		by the iron trails across the Dakota prairies	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
4	know	present	words's children				vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
5	say speech: assert	past	Ietan				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
6	is	past				what nsubj; true property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/10/27/

🌲 Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Indian Traits, sentence 27

The tree

Pragmatics

Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Indian Traits, sentence 27