Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Indian Traits, sentence 6
Indian boys are taught by both parents from early childhood to bear their pain silently.
Who acts: parents, boys · What happens: teach, bear, pain · To what, where: Indian boys, early childhood, pain
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Indian Traits. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (parents, boys), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Indian | Indian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 boys | amod |
| 2 | boys | boy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 taught | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 taught | aux:pass |
| 4 | taught | teach | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 parents | case |
| 6 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 7 parents | det |
| 7 | parents | parent | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 taught | obl |
| 8 | from | from | ADP | _ | 10 childhood | case |
| 9 | early | early | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 childhood | amod |
| 10 | childhood | childhood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 taught | obl |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 bear | mark |
| 12 | bear | bear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 taught | advcl |
| 13 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 pain | nmod:poss |
| 14 | pain | pain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 bear | obj |
| 15 | silently | silently | ADV | _ | 12 bear | advmod |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 taught | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | teach speech: other | present · passive | both parents | Indian boys | early childhood | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent subject=Recipient | |||
| 2 | bear | to-infinitive | both parents not said here | boys's pain | silently property | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pain=Patient | |||
| 3 | pain | boys = boy | nom pain «state transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/10/6/