Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Meaning of Indian Totems and Names, sentence 21
A Dakota warrior shot an arrow into the sky; the clouds parted just as his arrow turned to fall.
Who acts: Dakota warrior, clouds, arrow · What happens: shoot, part, turn, fall · To what, where: arrow, sky
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Meaning of Indian Totems and Names. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dakota warrior, clouds, arrow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 warrior | det |
| 2 | Dakota | Dakota | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 warrior | compound |
| 3 | warrior | warrior | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 shot | nsubj |
| 4 | shot | shoot | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 arrow | det |
| 6 | arrow | arrow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 shot | obj |
| 7 | into | into | ADP | _ | 9 sky | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 sky | det |
| 9 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 shot | obl |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 13 parted | punct |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 clouds | det |
| 12 | clouds | cloud | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 parted | nsubj |
| 13 | parted | part | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 shot | conj |
| 14 | just | just | ADV | _ | 18 turned | advmod |
| 15 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 18 turned | mark |
| 16 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 arrow | nmod:poss |
| 17 | arrow | arrow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 turned | nsubj |
| 18 | turned | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 parted | advcl |
| 19 | to | to | PART | _ | 20 fall | mark |
| 20 | fall | fall | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 turned | xcomp |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 shot | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | shoot | past | a Dakota warrior | a arrow | the sky | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent arrow=Theme into sky=Destination | |||
| 2 | part | past | the clouds | vn separate-23.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 3 | turn | past | warrior's arrow | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | fall | to-infinitive | warrior's arrow not said here | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/14/21/