Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Meaning of Indian Totems and Names, sentence 22
He was thought to have shot the clouds; he was called Hole-in-the-sky.
What happens: think, shoot, call · To what, where: arrow, clouds · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Meaning of Indian Totems and Names. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 thought | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 thought | aux:pass |
| 3 | thought | think | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 shot | mark |
| 5 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 6 shot | aux |
| 6 | shot | shoot | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 thought | xcomp |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 clouds | det |
| 8 | clouds | cloud | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 shot | obj |
| 9 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 12 called | punct |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 called | nsubj |
| 11 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 called | aux:pass |
| 12 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 thought | parataxis |
| 13 | Hole | Hole | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 called | xcomp |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 19 sky | punct |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 sky | case |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 15 in | punct |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 sky | det |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 17 the | punct |
| 19 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 Hole | appos |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 thought | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | think speech: other | past · passive | arrow | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute clause=Theme | |||||
| 2 | shoot | to-infinitive · perfect | the clouds | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cloud=Theme | |||||
| 3 | call | past · passive | arrow | Hole xcomp | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/14/22/