Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Meaning of Indian Totems and Names, sentence 26
The first boy is called Chaska, until by some feat of bravery he changes it himself.
Who acts: Sioux · What happens: call, change · To what, where: first boy, bravery · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Meaning of Indian Totems and Names. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sioux), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 boy | det |
| 2 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 3 boy | amod |
| 3 | boy | boy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 called | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 called | aux:pass |
| 5 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | Chaska | Chaska | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 called | xcomp |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 changes | punct |
| 8 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 15 changes | mark |
| 9 | by | by | ADP | _ | 11 feat | case |
| 10 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 11 feat | det |
| 11 | feat | feat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 changes | obl |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 bravery | case |
| 13 | bravery | bravery | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 feat | nmod |
| 14 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 changes | nsubj |
| 15 | changes | change | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 called | conj |
| 16 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 changes | obj |
| 17 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 15 changes | obj |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 called | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call | present · passive | the first boy | Chaska xcomp | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | change | present | Sioux | bravery | by some feat of bravery | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/14/26/