Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Customs of Kickapoo, Seminole, and Other Tribes, sentence 30
This first period has been called the Stone Age; this was followed by the Copper Age; then came the Iron Age.
Who acts: Copper Age, Iron Age · What happens: call, follow, come · To what, where: first period, this · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Customs of Kickapoo, Seminole, and Other Tribes. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Copper Age, Iron Age), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 period | det |
| 2 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 3 period | amod |
| 3 | period | period | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 called | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 called | aux |
| 5 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 6 called | aux:pass |
| 6 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 Age | det |
| 8 | Stone | Stone | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 Age | compound |
| 9 | Age | Age | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 called | xcomp |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 13 followed | punct |
| 11 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 13 followed | nsubj:pass |
| 12 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 followed | aux:pass |
| 13 | followed | follow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 called | conj |
| 14 | by | by | ADP | _ | 17 Age | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 Age | det |
| 16 | Copper | Copper | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 Age | compound |
| 17 | Age | Age | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 followed | obl |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 came | punct |
| 19 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 20 came | advmod |
| 20 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 called | parataxis |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 Age | det |
| 22 | Iron | Iron | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 Age | compound |
| 23 | Age | Age | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 came | nsubj |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 called | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call speech: assert | present · perfect · passive | this first period | the Stone Age | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | follow | past · passive | the Copper Age | this | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | ||||
| 3 | come | past | the Iron Age | then | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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