Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, The Indians Who Live in Brick Houses, sentence 10
They had heard marvelous stories of the silver, gold, and jewels owned by the red people living north of Mexico; but the Pueblos were brave as well as wise, and the history of that Spanish expedition is sad reading.
Who acts: towns, red people, Pueblos, history · What happens: hear, own, live, be · To what, where: marvelous stories, jewels, sad reading
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, The Indians Who Live in Brick Houses. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (towns, red people, Pueblos, history), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 heard | nsubj |
| 2 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 heard | aux |
| 3 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | marvelous | marvelous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 stories | amod |
| 5 | stories | story | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 heard | obj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 silver | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 silver | det |
| 8 | silver | silver | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 stories | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 gold | punct |
| 10 | gold | gold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 silver | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 jewels | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 jewels | cc |
| 13 | jewels | jewel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 heard | parataxis |
| 14 | owned | own | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 jewels | acl |
| 15 | by | by | ADP | _ | 18 people | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 people | det |
| 17 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 people | amod |
| 18 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 owned | obl:agent |
| 19 | living | live | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 18 people | acl |
| 20 | north | north | ADV | _ | 19 living | advmod |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 Mexico | case |
| 22 | Mexico | Mexico | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 north | obl |
| 23 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 brave | punct |
| 24 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 28 brave | cc |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 Pueblos | det |
| 26 | Pueblos | Pueblo | PROPN | Number=Plur | 28 brave | nsubj |
| 27 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 brave | cop |
| 28 | brave | brave | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 heard | parataxis |
| 29 | as | as | ADV | ExtPos=CCONJ | 32 wise | cc |
| 30 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 29 as | fixed |
| 31 | as | as | ADP | _ | 29 as | fixed |
| 32 | wise | wise | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 brave | conj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 reading | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 reading | cc |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 history | det |
| 36 | history | history | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 reading | nsubj |
| 37 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 expedition | case |
| 38 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 40 expedition | det |
| 39 | Spanish | Spanish | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 expedition | amod |
| 40 | expedition | expedition | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 history | nmod |
| 41 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 43 reading | cop |
| 42 | sad | sad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 reading | amod |
| 43 | reading | reading | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 heard | conj |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past · perfect | towns = town | marvelous stories of the silver and gold | jewels parataxis | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer story=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | own | participle | jewels not said here | the red people obl:agent | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot | ||||
| 3 | live | gerund | the red people not said here | north property | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | is | past | the Pueblos | brave property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | be | the Pueblos not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 6 | is a | present | the history of that Spanish expedition | sad reading | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/17/10/