Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, The Indians Who Live in Brick Houses, sentence 46
It is believed that these are not made by them but were found in the deserted cliff-dwellers’ homes.
Who acts: Pueblos · What happens: believe, not make, find, desert · To what, where: plant, these, homes · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, The Indians Who Live in Brick Houses. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Pueblos), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 believed | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 believed | aux:pass |
| 3 | believed | believe | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 8 made | mark |
| 5 | these | this | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 8 made | nsubj:pass |
| 6 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 made | aux:pass |
| 7 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 8 made | advmod |
| 8 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 believed | ccomp |
| 9 | by | by | ADP | _ | 10 them | case |
| 10 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 made | obl |
| 11 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 13 found | cc |
| 12 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 found | aux:pass |
| 13 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 believed | conj |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 homes | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 dwellers | det |
| 16 | deserted | desert | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 dwellers | amod |
| 17 | cliff | cliff | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 dwellers | compound |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 17 cliff | punct |
| 19 | dwellers | dweller | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 homes | nmod:poss |
| 20 | ’ | 's | PART | _ | 19 dwellers | case |
| 21 | homes | home | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 found | obl |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 believed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | believe | present · passive | plant | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | not make | present · passive | Pueblos = pueblo | these | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset subject=Product | ||||
| 3 | find | past · passive | the deserted cliff dwellers's homes | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF» | |||||
| 4 | desert | participle | vn leave-51.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/17/46/