Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, The Moki Indians, sentence 16
These sticks have a feather fastened at the top, to show that prayer rises.
Who acts: sticks, prayer · What happens: have, fasten, show, rise · To what, where: feather, top · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, The Moki Indians. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sticks, prayer), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | These | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 2 sticks | det |
| 2 | sticks | stick | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 have | nsubj |
| 3 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 feather | det |
| 5 | feather | feather | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 have | obj |
| 6 | fastened | fasten | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 feather | acl |
| 7 | at | at | ADP | _ | 9 top | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 top | det |
| 9 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 fastened | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 show | punct |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 show | mark |
| 12 | show | show | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 3 have | parataxis |
| 13 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 15 rises | mark |
| 14 | prayer | prayer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 rises | nsubj |
| 15 | rises | rise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 show | ccomp |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 have | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | this sticks | a feather | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feather=Patient | ||||
| 2 | fasten | participle | a feather not said here | the top | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 3 | show | to-infinitive | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 4 | rise | present | prayer | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/18/16/