Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Indian Games, sentence 11
Both sides rush toward the place where the ball may fall, each brave hoping he may be the lucky one to catch it; whoever gets the ball tosses it with his bat into the air toward his side of the grounds.
Who acts: sides, ball, chief, whoever · What happens: rush, fall, hope, be, catch, get · To what, where: each, place, lucky one, ball, air · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Indian Games. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sides, ball, chief, whoever), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 2 sides | det |
| 2 | sides | side | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 rush | nsubj |
| 3 | rush | rush | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | toward | toward | ADP | _ | 6 place | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 place | det |
| 6 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 rush | obl |
| 7 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 11 fall | advmod |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 ball | det |
| 9 | ball | ball | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 fall | nsubj |
| 10 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 11 fall | aux |
| 11 | fall | fall | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 place | acl:relcl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 rush | punct |
| 13 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 3 rush | obl |
| 14 | brave | brave | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 each | acl |
| 15 | hoping | hope | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 14 brave | advcl |
| 16 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 one | nsubj |
| 17 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 21 one | aux |
| 18 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 21 one | cop |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 one | det |
| 20 | lucky | lucky | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 one | amod |
| 21 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 hoping | ccomp |
| 22 | to | to | PART | _ | 23 catch | mark |
| 23 | catch | catch | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 one | acl |
| 24 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 catch | obj |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 27 gets | punct |
| 26 | whoever | whoever | PRON | PronType=Rel | 27 gets | nsubj |
| 27 | gets | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 rush | parataxis |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 ball | det |
| 29 | ball | ball | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 tosses | nsubj |
| 30 | tosses | toss | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 gets | acl:relcl |
| 31 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 tosses | obj |
| 32 | with | with | ADP | _ | 34 bat | case |
| 33 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 bat | nmod:poss |
| 34 | bat | bat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 tosses | obl |
| 35 | into | into | ADP | _ | 37 air | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 air | det |
| 37 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 tosses | obl |
| 38 | toward | toward | ADP | _ | 40 side | case |
| 39 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 40 side | nmod:poss |
| 40 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 tosses | obl |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 43 grounds | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 grounds | det |
| 43 | grounds | grounds | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 40 side | nmod |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 rush | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | rush | present | both sides | each | the place | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme toward place=Trajectory | |||
| 2 | fall | may | the ball | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | hope | gerund | both sides not said here | vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot | |||||
| 4 | is a | may | chief | the lucky one | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | catch | to-infinitive | both sides not said here | ball | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | ||||
| 6 | get | present | whoever | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 7 | toss | present | the ball | place | the air | with chief's bat; toward chief's side of the grounds | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Patient into air=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/20/11/