Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota, sentence 26

The men often dress in true Indian costumes, with buckskin leggings, beadwork ornaments, blankets, and a feather in their scalp lock if they have killed an enemy; this honor is hard to give up, and even a murderer of one of his own tribe has dared to wear the eagle feather.

Who acts: men, honor · What happens: dress, kill, be, give up, dare, wear · To what, where: feather, true Indian costumes, men, murderer, eagle feather

This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men, honor), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 men	det
2	men	man	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 dress	nsubj
3	often	often	ADV	_	4 dress	advmod
4	dress	dress	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	8 costumes	case
6	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 costumes	amod
7	Indian	Indian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 costumes	amod
8	costumes	costume	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 dress	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 leggings	punct
10	with	with	ADP	_	12 leggings	case
11	buckskin	buckskin	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 leggings	amod
12	leggings	legging	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 dress	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 ornaments	punct
14	beadwork	beadwork	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 ornaments	compound
15	ornaments	ornament	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 leggings	conj
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 blankets	punct
17	blankets	blanket	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 ornaments	conj
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 feather	punct
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 feather	cc
20	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	21 feather	det
21	feather	feather	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 dress	obl
22	in	in	ADP	_	25 lock	case
23	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	25 lock	nmod:poss
24	scalp	scalp	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 lock	compound
25	lock	lock	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 feather	nmod
26	if	if	SCONJ	_	29 killed	mark
27	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	29 killed	nsubj:pass
28	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	29 killed	aux
29	killed	kill	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 dress	advcl
30	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	31 enemy	det
31	enemy	enemy	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 killed	obj
32	;	;	PUNCT	_	36 hard	punct
33	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	34 honor	det
34	honor	honor	NOUN	Number=Sing	36 hard	nsubj
35	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	36 hard	cop
36	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 dress	conj
37	to	to	PART	_	38 give	mark
38	give	give	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	36 hard	xcomp
39	up	up	ADP	_	38 give	compound:prt
40	,	,	PUNCT	_	52 dared	punct
41	and	and	CCONJ	_	52 dared	cc
42	even	even	ADV	_	44 murderer	advmod
43	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	44 murderer	det
44	murderer	murderer	NOUN	Number=Sing	52 dared	nsubj:pass
45	of	of	ADP	_	46 one	case
46	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	44 murderer	nmod
47	of	of	ADP	_	50 tribe	case
48	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	50 tribe	nmod:poss
49	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	50 tribe	amod
50	tribe	tribe	NOUN	Number=Sing	46 one	nmod
51	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	52 dared	aux
52	dared	dare	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	36 hard	parataxis
53	to	to	PART	_	54 wear	mark
54	wear	wear	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	52 dared	xcomp
55	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	57 feather	det
56	eagle	eagle	NOUN	Number=Sing	57 feather	compound
57	feather	feather	NOUN	Number=Sing	54 wear	obj
58	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 dress	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	dress	present	the men	a feather in men's scalp lock	true Indian costumes	with buckskin leggings and beadwork ornaments and blankets; often property	vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	kill a condition, not said to happen	present · perfect · passive		men = man		a enemy obj	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Experiencer enemy=Result
3	is	present	this honor			hard property	tree rules
4	give up	to-infinitive	this honor not said here				vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	dare	present · perfect · passive		a murderer of one of bear's own tribe			vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic
6	wear	to-infinitive		the eagle feather			vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent feather=Source

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/21/26/

🌲 Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota, sentence 26

The tree

Pragmatics

Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota, sentence 26