Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota, sentence 38
The white men in council did not think best to make the promise, and the chief refused to send the witnesses.
Who acts: white men, chief · What happens: not think, make, refuse, not send · To what, where: promise, witnesses · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (white men, chief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 men | det |
| 2 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 men | amod |
| 3 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 think | nsubj |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 council | case |
| 5 | council | council | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 men | nmod |
| 6 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 think | aux |
| 7 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 8 think | advmod |
| 8 | think | think | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 9 | best | good | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 8 think | ccomp |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 make | mark |
| 11 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 best | csubj |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 promise | det |
| 13 | promise | promise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 make | obj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 refused | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 refused | cc |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 chief | det |
| 17 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 refused | nsubj |
| 18 | refused | refuse | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 think | parataxis |
| 19 | to | to | PART | _ | 20 send | mark |
| 20 | send | send | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 refused | xcomp |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 witnesses | det |
| 22 | witnesses | witness | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 send | obj |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 think | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not think speech: other | past · do-support | the white men in council | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | make | to-infinitive | the promise | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset promise=Product | |||||
| 3 | refuse | past | the chief | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 4 | not send | to-infinitive | the chief not said here | the witnesses | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent witness=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/21/38/