Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota, sentence 7
They built their wigwams on islands and points of land projecting into the lake, for these made good places of landing for their birch-bark canoes, and also gave them a better chance to watch for their enemies than in the thick forests of pine, birch, and cedar.
Who acts: tribes, land · What happens: build, project, make, give, watch, point · To what, where: wigwams, islands, lake, better chance, tribes, land
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tribes, land), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 built | nsubj |
| 2 | built | build | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 wigwams | nmod:poss |
| 4 | wigwams | wigwam | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 built | obj |
| 5 | on | on | ADP | _ | 6 islands | case |
| 6 | islands | island | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 built | obl |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 points | cc |
| 8 | points | point | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 islands | conj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 land | case |
| 10 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 points | nmod |
| 11 | projecting | project | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 10 land | acl |
| 12 | into | into | ADP | _ | 14 lake | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 lake | det |
| 14 | lake | lake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 projecting | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 places | punct |
| 16 | for | for | ADP | _ | 20 places | case |
| 17 | these | this | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 20 places | nsubj |
| 18 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 places | amod |
| 19 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 places | amod |
| 20 | places | place | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 projecting | obl |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 landing | case |
| 22 | landing | landing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 places | nmod |
| 23 | for | for | ADP | _ | 28 canoes | case |
| 24 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 canoes | nmod:poss |
| 25 | birch | birch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 bark | compound |
| 26 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 25 birch | punct |
| 27 | bark | bark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 canoes | compound |
| 28 | canoes | canoe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 landing | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 gave | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 gave | cc |
| 31 | also | also | ADV | _ | 32 gave | advmod |
| 32 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 built | conj |
| 33 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 gave | iobj |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 chance | det |
| 35 | better | good | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 36 chance | amod |
| 36 | chance | chance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 gave | obj |
| 37 | to | to | PART | _ | 38 watch | mark |
| 38 | watch | watch | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 36 chance | acl |
| 39 | for | for | ADP | _ | 41 enemies | case |
| 40 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 41 enemies | nmod:poss |
| 41 | enemies | enemy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 watch | obl |
| 42 | than | than | ADP | _ | 46 forests | case |
| 43 | in | in | ADP | _ | 46 forests | case |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 forests | det |
| 45 | thick | thick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 forests | amod |
| 46 | forests | forest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 watch | obl |
| 47 | of | of | ADP | _ | 48 pine | case |
| 48 | pine | pine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 forests | nmod |
| 49 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 50 birch | punct |
| 50 | birch | birch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 pine | conj |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 53 cedar | punct |
| 52 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 53 cedar | cc |
| 53 | cedar | cedar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 gave | obl |
| 54 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 built | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | build | past | tribes = tribe | tribes's wigwams | islands and points of land | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent wigwam=Theme on island=Source | |||
| 2 | project | gerund | land not said here | the lake | for made good places these of landing for tribes's bark canoes | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 3 | make | participle | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | ||||||
| 4 | give | past | tribes = tribe not said here | a better chance | tribes = tribe | cedar obl | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient chance=Theme | ||
| 5 | watch | to-infinitive | tribes = tribe not said here | a better chance not said here | for tribes's enemies; than the thick forests of pine and birch | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.theme NP.location»: agent=Agent for enemy=Theme | |||
| 6 | point | land | nom point «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/21/7/