Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota, sentence 9
This warfare began years before the time of our war of the Revolution and did not end for nearly a century.
Who acts: warfare, Revolution · What happens: begin, not end, war
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (warfare, Revolution), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 warfare | det |
| 2 | warfare | warfare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 began | nsubj |
| 3 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 began | obj |
| 5 | before | before | ADP | _ | 7 time | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 time | det |
| 7 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 began | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 war | case |
| 9 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 war | nmod:poss |
| 10 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 time | nmod |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 Revolution | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 Revolution | det |
| 13 | Revolution | Revolution | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 war | nmod |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 end | cc |
| 15 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 end | aux |
| 16 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 17 end | advmod |
| 17 | end | end | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 began | conj |
| 18 | for | for | ADP | _ | 21 century | case |
| 19 | nearly | nearly | ADV | _ | 21 century | advmod |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 century | det |
| 21 | century | century | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 end | obl |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 began | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | begin | past | this warfare | time; year | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | not end | past · do-support | this warfare not said here | century | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||
| 3 | war | the Revolution | nom war «act intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/21/9/