Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota, sentence 10
The Chippewas fought for their new home very bravely, and the Sioux were just as brave in trying to hold what they believed to be the center of the world and nearest like the Happy Hunting Grounds of the future life.
Who acts: Chippewas, Sioux · What happens: fight, be, try, hold, believe · To what, where: center · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Sioux and Chippewas of Minnesota. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chippewas, Sioux), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Chippewas | det |
| 2 | Chippewas | chippewa | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 fought | nsubj |
| 3 | fought | fight | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | for | for | ADP | _ | 7 home | case |
| 5 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 home | nmod:poss |
| 6 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 home | amod |
| 7 | home | home | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 fought | obl |
| 8 | very | very | ADV | _ | 9 bravely | advmod |
| 9 | bravely | bravely | ADV | _ | 3 fought | advmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 brave | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 brave | cc |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 Sioux | det |
| 13 | Sioux | Sioux | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 brave | nsubj |
| 14 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 brave | cop |
| 15 | just | just | ADV | _ | 17 brave | advmod |
| 16 | as | as | ADV | _ | 17 brave | advmod |
| 17 | brave | brave | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 fought | parataxis |
| 18 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 19 trying | mark |
| 19 | trying | try | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 17 brave | advcl |
| 20 | to | to | PART | _ | 21 hold | mark |
| 21 | hold | hold | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 19 trying | xcomp |
| 22 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 24 believed | obj |
| 23 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 believed | nsubj |
| 24 | believed | believe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 hold | ccomp |
| 25 | to | to | PART | _ | 28 center | mark |
| 26 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 28 center | cop |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 center | det |
| 28 | center | center | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 believed | ccomp |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 world | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 world | det |
| 31 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 center | nmod |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 nearest | cc |
| 33 | nearest | near | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 28 center | conj |
| 34 | like | like | ADP | _ | 38 Grounds | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 Grounds | det |
| 36 | Happy | happy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 Grounds | amod |
| 37 | Hunting | hunting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 Grounds | compound |
| 38 | Grounds | grounds | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 33 nearest | obl |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 life | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 life | det |
| 41 | future | future | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 life | amod |
| 42 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 Grounds | nmod |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 fought | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fight | past | the Chippewas | for Chippewas's new home; bravely property | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | is | past | the Sioux | brave property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | try | gerund | the Sioux not said here | vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 4 | hold not said to happen | to-infinitive | the Sioux not said here | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 5 | believe | past | Chippewas = chippewa | what obj | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer what=Stimulus | ||||
| 6 | is a | to-infinitive | the center | of the world | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | be | like the Happy Hunting Grounds of the future life | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/21/10/