Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Introductory—indian Stories, sentence 13
He is called the Foolish or Sly One; he is always playing tricks, for which he is usually punished.
Who acts: Henry · What happens: call, play, be, punish · To what, where: Henry, playing tricks · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Introductory—indian Stories. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Henry), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 called | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 called | aux:pass |
| 3 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 Foolish | det |
| 5 | Foolish | Foolish | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 called | xcomp |
| 6 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 7 Sly | cc |
| 7 | Sly | Sly | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 Foolish | conj |
| 8 | One | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 7 Sly | flat |
| 9 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 14 tricks | punct |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 tricks | nsubj |
| 11 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 tricks | cop |
| 12 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 14 tricks | advmod |
| 13 | playing | play | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 14 tricks | amod |
| 14 | tricks | trick | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 called | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 punished | punct |
| 16 | for | for | ADP | _ | 17 which | case |
| 17 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 21 punished | obl |
| 18 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 punished | nsubj:pass |
| 19 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 punished | aux:pass |
| 20 | usually | usually | ADV | _ | 21 punished | advmod |
| 21 | punished | punish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 called | conj |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 called | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call | present · passive | Henry | the Foolish or Sly xcomp | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | play | gerund | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | is a | present | Henry | playing tricks | always property | tree rules | |||
| 4 | punish | present · passive | Henry | which obl; usually property | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Patient for which=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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