Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, I. Iagoo, the Great Story-teller, sentence 124
“The shot from his gun fell back into the lake; it struck two loons and killed them.
Who acts: shot, lake · What happens: fall back, strike, kill · To what, where: lake, two loons, loons
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, I. Iagoo, the Great Story-teller. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shot, lake), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 fell | punct |
| 2 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 shot | det |
| 3 | shot | shot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 fell | nsubj |
| 4 | from | from | ADP | _ | 6 gun | case |
| 5 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 gun | nmod:poss |
| 6 | gun | gun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 shot | nmod |
| 7 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | back | back | ADV | _ | 7 fell | advmod |
| 9 | into | into | ADP | _ | 11 lake | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 lake | det |
| 11 | lake | lake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 fell | obl |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 14 struck | punct |
| 13 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 struck | nsubj |
| 14 | struck | strike | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 fell | conj |
| 15 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 16 loons | nummod |
| 16 | loons | loon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 struck | obj |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 killed | cc |
| 18 | killed | kill | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 struck | conj |
| 19 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 killed | obj |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 fell | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fall back in a quote | past | the shot from shot's gun | into the lake result | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into lake=Result | ||||
| 2 | strike in a quote | past | lake | two loons | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent loon=Patient | ||||
| 3 | kill in a quote | past | lake not said here | loons = loon | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/26/124/