Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, I. Iagoo, the Great Story-teller, sentence 138
He was very big; Iagoo wanted him; Iagoo ran swifter than all the elks; he came to the leader; he shot the leader of the elks; he fell like a tree in the forest; Iagoo lifted the elk to throw him over his shoulder; the elk horns struck the deer horns.
Who acts: Iagoo, elk horns · What happens: be, want, run, come, shoot, fall · To what, where: boy, swifter, leader, forest, elk, Iagoo
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, I. Iagoo, the Great Story-teller. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iagoo, elk horns), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 big | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 big | cop |
| 3 | very | very | ADV | _ | 4 big | advmod |
| 4 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 7 wanted | punct |
| 6 | Iagoo | Iagoo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 wanted | nsubj |
| 7 | wanted | want | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 big | parataxis |
| 8 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 wanted | obj |
| 9 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 11 ran | punct |
| 10 | Iagoo | Iagoo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 ran | nsubj |
| 11 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 wanted | conj |
| 12 | swifter | swifter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 ran | obj |
| 13 | than | than | ADP | _ | 16 elks | case |
| 14 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 16 elks | det:predet |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 elks | det |
| 16 | elks | elk | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 ran | obl |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 19 came | punct |
| 18 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 came | nsubj |
| 19 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 wanted | conj |
| 20 | to | to | ADP | _ | 22 leader | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 leader | det |
| 22 | leader | leader | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 came | obl |
| 23 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 25 shot | punct |
| 24 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 shot | nsubj |
| 25 | shot | shoot | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 big | parataxis |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 leader | det |
| 27 | leader | leader | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 shot | obj |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 elks | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 elks | det |
| 30 | elks | elk | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 leader | nmod |
| 31 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 33 fell | punct |
| 32 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 fell | nsubj |
| 33 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 shot | conj |
| 34 | like | like | ADP | _ | 36 tree | case |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 tree | det |
| 36 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 fell | obl |
| 37 | in | in | ADP | _ | 39 forest | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 forest | det |
| 39 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 fell | obl |
| 40 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 42 lifted | punct |
| 41 | Iagoo | Iagoo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 42 lifted | nsubj |
| 42 | lifted | lift | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 big | conj |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 elk | det |
| 44 | elk | elk | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 lifted | obj |
| 45 | to | to | PART | _ | 46 throw | mark |
| 46 | throw | throw | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 42 lifted | advcl |
| 47 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 46 throw | obj |
| 48 | over | over | ADP | _ | 50 shoulder | case |
| 49 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 50 shoulder | nmod:poss |
| 50 | shoulder | shoulder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 throw | obl |
| 51 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 55 struck | punct |
| 52 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 53 elk | det |
| 53 | elk | elk | NOUN | Number=Plur | 54 horns | compound |
| 54 | horns | horn | NOUN | Number=Plur | 55 struck | nsubj |
| 55 | struck | strike | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 big | conj |
| 56 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 58 horns | det |
| 57 | deer | deer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 horns | compound |
| 58 | horns | horn | NOUN | Number=Plur | 55 struck | obj |
| 59 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 big | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | Iagoo | big property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | want | past | Iagoo | boy | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot he=Theme | ||||
| 3 | run | past | Iagoo | swifter | than all elks | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme swifter=Trajectory | |||
| 4 | come | past | Iagoo | the leader | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to leader=Initial_Location | ||||
| 5 | shoot | past | Iagoo | the leader of the elks | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leader=Theme | ||||
| 6 | fall | past | Iagoo | the forest | like a tree | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in forest=Location | |||
| 7 | lift | past | Iagoo | the elk | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent elk=Theme | ||||
| 8 | throw | to-infinitive | Iagoo not said here | Iagoo | Iagoo's shoulder | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent he=Theme over shoulder=Destination | |||
| 9 | strike | past | elk horns | the deer horns | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horn=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/26/138/