Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, I. Iagoo, the Great Story-teller, sentence 16
His children were happy, and they laughed often in their father’s teepee.
Who acts: children · What happens: be, laugh
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, I. Iagoo, the Great Story-teller. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (children), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | His | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 children | nmod:poss |
| 2 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 happy | nsubj |
| 3 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 happy | cop |
| 4 | happy | happy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 laughed | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 laughed | cc |
| 7 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 laughed | nsubj |
| 8 | laughed | laugh | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 happy | conj |
| 9 | often | often | ADV | _ | 8 laughed | advmod |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 teepee | case |
| 11 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 father | nmod:poss |
| 12 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 teepee | nmod:poss |
| 13 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 12 father | case |
| 14 | teepee | teepee | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 laughed | obl |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 happy | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | Buffalo's children | happy property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | laugh | past | children = child | in children's father's teepee; often property | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in teepee=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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