Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, I. Iagoo, the Great Story-teller, sentence 98
As the water came over where he stepped, he saw that he had not stepped on land.
Who acts: water · What happens: come over, step, see, not step · To what, where: water, land · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, I. Iagoo, the Great Story-teller. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | As | as | SCONJ | _ | 4 came | mark |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 water | det |
| 3 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 came | nsubj |
| 4 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 saw | advcl |
| 5 | over | over | ADV | _ | 6 where | advmod |
| 6 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 8 stepped | advmod |
| 7 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 stepped | nsubj |
| 8 | stepped | step | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 came | advcl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 came | punct |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 saw | nsubj |
| 11 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 16 stepped | mark |
| 13 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 stepped | nsubj:pass |
| 14 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 stepped | aux |
| 15 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 16 stepped | advmod |
| 16 | stepped | step | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 saw | ccomp |
| 17 | on | on | ADP | _ | 18 land | case |
| 18 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 stepped | obl |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come over | past | the water | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | step | past | water | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | see | past | water | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 4 | not step | past · perfect · passive | water | land | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/26/98/