Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, V. How Two Squaws Saved Their Band, sentence 4
The squaws told their captors to bring many canoes; then, acting as guides, leaped into the front canoe, calling on their captors to follow them.
Who acts: squaws · What happens: tell, bring, act, leap, call, follow · To what, where: captors, many canoes, front canoe, squaws · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, V. How Two Squaws Saved Their Band. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (squaws), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 squaws | det |
| 2 | squaws | squaw | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 told | nsubj |
| 3 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 captors | nmod:poss |
| 5 | captors | captor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 told | iobj |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 bring | mark |
| 7 | bring | bring | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 told | xcomp |
| 8 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 canoes | amod |
| 9 | canoes | canoe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 bring | obj |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 13 acting | punct |
| 11 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 13 acting | advmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 acting | punct |
| 13 | acting | act | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 told | advcl |
| 14 | as | as | ADP | _ | 15 guides | case |
| 15 | guides | guide | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 acting | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 leaped | punct |
| 17 | leaped | leap | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 acting | conj |
| 18 | into | into | ADP | _ | 21 canoe | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 canoe | det |
| 20 | front | front | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 canoe | amod |
| 21 | canoe | canoe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 leaped | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 calling | punct |
| 23 | calling | call | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 13 acting | conj |
| 24 | on | on | ADP | _ | 26 captors | case |
| 25 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 captors | nmod:poss |
| 26 | captors | captor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 calling | obl |
| 27 | to | to | PART | _ | 28 follow | mark |
| 28 | follow | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 calling | advcl |
| 29 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 follow | obj |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 told | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tell speech: assert | past | the squaws | squaws's captors | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent captor=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | bring not said to happen | to-infinitive | the squaws not said here | many canoes | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent canoe=Theme | ||||
| 3 | act | gerund | the squaws not said here | then | as guides | vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as guide=Attribute | |||
| 4 | leap | participle | the squaws not said here | the front canoe | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into canoe=Destination | ||||
| 5 | call | gerund | the squaws not said here | squaws's captors | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | follow | to-infinitive | the squaws not said here | squaws = squaw | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/30/4/