Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, VI. the Origin of the Crane Tribe of the Ojibway or Chippewa Indians, sentence 18
The two cranes stood on a little hill near the rapids and folded their wings closely to their sides.
Who acts: two cranes · What happens: stand, fold · To what, where: little hill, wings
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, VI. the Origin of the Crane Tribe of the Ojibway or Chippewa Indians. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (two cranes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 cranes | det |
| 2 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 3 cranes | nummod |
| 3 | cranes | crane | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 stood | nsubj |
| 4 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | on | on | ADP | _ | 8 hill | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 hill | det |
| 7 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 hill | amod |
| 8 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 stood | obl |
| 9 | near | near | ADP | _ | 11 rapids | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 rapids | det |
| 11 | rapids | rapid | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 stood | obl |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 folded | cc |
| 13 | folded | fold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 stood | conj |
| 14 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 wings | nmod:poss |
| 15 | wings | wing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 folded | obj |
| 16 | closely | closely | ADV | _ | 13 folded | advmod |
| 17 | to | to | ADP | _ | 19 sides | case |
| 18 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 sides | nmod:poss |
| 19 | sides | side | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 folded | obl |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 stood | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stand | past | the two cranes | a little hill | near the rapids | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on hill=Location | |||
| 2 | fold | past | the two cranes not said here | cranes's wings | to cranes's sides result; closely property | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent wing=Patient to side=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/31/18/