Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, X. the Little People of the Senecas, sentence 4
The Indians had to throw away much meat in order to save the skins for leather.
Who acts: Indians · What happens: have, throw away, save · To what, where: much meat, skins
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, X. the Little People of the Senecas. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Indians | det |
| 2 | Indians | Indian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 3 had | nsubj |
| 3 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 throw | mark |
| 5 | throw | throw | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 had | xcomp |
| 6 | away | away | ADV | _ | 5 throw | advmod |
| 7 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 meat | amod |
| 8 | meat | meat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 throw | obj |
| 9 | in | in | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 12 save | mark |
| 10 | order | order | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 in | fixed |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 save | mark |
| 12 | save | save | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 throw | advcl |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 skins | det |
| 14 | skins | skin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 save | obj |
| 15 | for | for | ADP | _ | 16 leather | case |
| 16 | leather | leather | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 save | obl |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | the Indians | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | throw away | to-infinitive | the Indians not said here | much meat | away property | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meat=Theme | |||
| 3 | save | to-infinitive | the Indians not said here | the skins | for leather | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent skin=Theme for leather=Source |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/35/4/