Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XIII. the Blue Heron and the Wolf, sentence 11
You must follow me to the end of the old tree that lies almost across the river; then I will lie down and stick my bill in the bank, and you walk on my legs and body for a bridge.”
Who acts: You, old tree, I, my · What happens: follow, lie, lie down, stick, walk, bill · To what, where: me, end, river, bill, bank, legs
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XIII. the Blue Heron and the Wolf. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (You, old tree, I, my), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | You | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 3 follow | nsubj |
| 2 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 3 follow | aux |
| 3 | follow | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 follow | obj |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 end | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 end | det |
| 7 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 follow | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 tree | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 tree | det |
| 10 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 tree | amod |
| 11 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 end | nmod |
| 12 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 13 lies | nsubj |
| 13 | lies | lie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 tree | acl:relcl |
| 14 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 17 river | advmod |
| 15 | across | across | ADP | _ | 17 river | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 river | det |
| 17 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 lies | obl |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 lie | punct |
| 19 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 22 lie | advmod |
| 20 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 22 lie | nsubj |
| 21 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 22 lie | aux |
| 22 | lie | lie | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 follow | conj |
| 23 | down | down | ADV | _ | 22 lie | advmod |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 stick | cc |
| 25 | stick | stick | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 lie | conj |
| 26 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 bill | nmod:poss |
| 27 | bill | bill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 stick | obj |
| 28 | in | in | ADP | _ | 30 bank | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 bank | det |
| 30 | bank | bank | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 stick | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 walk | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 walk | cc |
| 33 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 34 walk | nsubj |
| 34 | walk | walk | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 follow | conj |
| 35 | on | on | ADP | _ | 37 legs | case |
| 36 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 37 legs | nmod:poss |
| 37 | legs | leg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 walk | obl |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 body | cc |
| 39 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 legs | conj |
| 40 | for | for | ADP | _ | 42 bridge | case |
| 41 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 42 bridge | det |
| 42 | bridge | bridge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 walk | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 follow | punct |
| 44 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 follow | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | follow | must | You | me | to the end of the old tree | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent i=Theme to end=Trajectory | |||
| 2 | lie | present | the old tree | the river | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | lie down | future | I | then | down property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 4 | stick | infinitive | I not said here | my bill | the bank | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent bill=Theme in bank=Destination | |||
| 5 | walk | present | you | my legs and body | for a bridge | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on leg=Trajectory | |||
| 6 | bill | my | nom bill «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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