Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XIV. the Little Wolf Brother, sentence 33
“I will ask the wolves,” he said, as he heard a pack growling in the forest.
Who acts: brother, pack · What happens: ask, say, hear, growl · To what, where: wolves, pack · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XIV. the Little Wolf Brother. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (brother, pack), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 ask | punct |
| 2 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 ask | nsubj |
| 3 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 ask | aux |
| 4 | ask | ask | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 said | ccomp |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 wolves | det |
| 6 | wolves | wolf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 ask | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 ask | punct |
| 8 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 ask | punct |
| 9 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 said | nsubj |
| 10 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 heard | punct |
| 12 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 14 heard | mark |
| 13 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 heard | nsubj |
| 14 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 said | conj |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 pack | det |
| 16 | pack | pack | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 heard | obj |
| 17 | growling | growl | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 16 pack | acl |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 forest | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 forest | det |
| 20 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 growling | obl |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ask speech: ask in a quote | future | brother | the wolves | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent wolf=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | brother | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | hear | past | brother | a pack | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer pack=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | growl | gerund | a pack not said here | in the forest | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in forest=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/39/33/