Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XIV. the Little Wolf Brother, sentence 45
The brother knew his voice and said, “Let me die, for my brother that I deserted has become a wolf.”
Who acts: brother · What happens: know, say, let, die, desert, become · To what, where: voice, brother, wolf · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XIV. the Little Wolf Brother. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (brother), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 brother | det |
| 2 | brother | brother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 knew | nsubj |
| 3 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 voice | nmod:poss |
| 5 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 knew | obj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 said | cc |
| 7 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 knew | conj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 Let | punct |
| 9 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 Let | punct |
| 10 | Let | let | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 said | ccomp |
| 11 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 10 Let | obj |
| 12 | die | die | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 Let | xcomp |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 brother | punct |
| 14 | for | for | ADP | _ | 16 brother | case |
| 15 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 brother | nmod:poss |
| 16 | brother | brother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 become | nsubj |
| 17 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 deserted | obj |
| 18 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 19 deserted | nsubj |
| 19 | deserted | desert | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 brother | acl:relcl |
| 20 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 become | aux |
| 21 | become | become | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 10 Let | parataxis |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 wolf | det |
| 23 | wolf | wolf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 become | xcomp |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 Let | punct |
| 25 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 Let | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | past | the brother | brother's voice | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer voice=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | the brother not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | let in a quote | infinitive | the brother = brother | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | die in a quote | infinitive | the brother = brother not said here | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | |||||
| 5 | desert in a quote | past | the brother = brother | my brother | vn leave-51.2-1 «NP V NP.initial_location»: agent=Theme that=Source | ||||
| 6 | become in a quote | present · perfect | my brother | a wolf | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/39/45/