Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XIV. the Little Wolf Brother, sentence 46
He fell from the tree, but the wolves did not eat him, for his little wolf brother told them who the man was.
Who acts: brother, wolves, little wolf brother · What happens: fall, not eat, tell, be · To what, where: tree, brother, trees · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XIV. the Little Wolf Brother. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (brother, wolves, little wolf brother), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 fell | nsubj |
| 2 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | from | from | ADP | _ | 5 tree | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 tree | det |
| 5 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 fell | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 eat | punct |
| 7 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 12 eat | cc |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 wolves | det |
| 9 | wolves | wolf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 eat | nsubj |
| 10 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 eat | aux |
| 11 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 12 eat | advmod |
| 12 | eat | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 fell | parataxis |
| 13 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 eat | obj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 told | punct |
| 15 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 20 told | mark |
| 16 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 brother | nmod:poss |
| 17 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 brother | amod |
| 18 | wolf | wolf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 brother | compound |
| 19 | brother | brother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 told | nsubj |
| 20 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 eat | conj |
| 21 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 told | iobj |
| 22 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 was | nsubj |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 man | det |
| 24 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 was | nsubj |
| 25 | was | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 told | ccomp |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 fell | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fall | past | brother | the tree | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from tree=Initial_Location | ||||
| 2 | not eat | past · do-support | the wolves | brother | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient | ||||
| 3 | tell speech: assert | past | brother's little wolf brother | trees = tree | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP what S»: agent=Agent they=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 4 | be | past | who nsubj; the man nsubj | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/39/46/