Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XVII. How the Indians Came to Know Medicine Plants, sentence 6
Over some wigwams hung a beaver skin; that was the totem or sign of the tribe of Beaver Indians.
Who acts: that · What happens: hang, be, sign · To what, where: beaver skin, wigwams, totem, tribe
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XVII. How the Indians Came to Know Medicine Plants. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Over | over | ADP | _ | 3 wigwams | case |
| 2 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 3 wigwams | det |
| 3 | wigwams | wigwam | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 hung | obl |
| 4 | hung | hang | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 skin | det |
| 6 | beaver | beaver | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 skin | compound |
| 7 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 hung | obj |
| 8 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 12 totem | punct |
| 9 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 12 totem | nsubj |
| 10 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 totem | cop |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 totem | det |
| 12 | totem | totem | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 hung | obl |
| 13 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 14 sign | cc |
| 14 | sign | sign | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 totem | conj |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 tribe | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 tribe | det |
| 17 | tribe | tribe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 sign | nmod |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 Indians | case |
| 19 | Beaver | Beaver | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 Indians | compound |
| 20 | Indians | Indian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 17 tribe | nmod |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 hung | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hang | past | a beaver skin | some wigwams | vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent skin=Theme over wigwam=Destination | ||||
| 2 | is a | past | that | the totem or sign of the tribe of Beaver Indians | sign of the tribe of Beaver Indians conj | tree rules | |||
| 3 | sign | the tribe of Beaver Indians | nom sign «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/42/6/